Can Bloggers Replace Professional Journalists

When blogs first appeared on the internet, there was a lot of hype and hoopla about how bloggers might somehow replace traditional news outlets. After all, blogs were spreading like mushrooms at the time, and almost overnight there seemed to be thousands of bloggers online, chronicling the world as they saw fit with each new post. Of course, with the benefit of hindsight, we can now see that blogs were never in a position to replace news organizations. But bloggers, the good ones at least, can supplement the work of professional reporters. And thats where citizen journalism comes in. But lets first deal with why blogs cant replace traditional news outlets. They Produce Different Content The problem with having blogs replace newspapers is that most bloggers dont produce news stories on their own. Instead, they tend to comment on news stories already out there — stories produced by professional journalists. Indeed, much of what you find on many blogs are posts based on, and linking back to, articles from news websites. Professional journalists hit the streets of the communities they cover on a daily basis in order to dig up stories important to the people living there. The stereotypical blogger is someone who sits at their computer in their pajamas, never leaving home. That stereotype isnt fair to all bloggers, but the point is that being a real reporter involves finding new information, not just commenting on information thats already out there. Theres a Difference Between Opinions and Reporting Another stereotype about bloggers is that in place of original reporting, they do little but vent their opinions about the issues of the day. Again, this stereotype isnt totally fair, but many bloggers do spend most of their time sharing their subjective thoughts. Expressing ones opinion is very different from doing objective news reporting. And while opinions are fine, blogs that do little more than editorializing wont satisfy the public hunger for objective, factual information. Theres Immense Value in Reporters Expertise Many reporters, especially those at the largest news organizations, have followed their beats for years. So whether its a Washington bureau chief writing about White House politics or a longtime sports columnist covering the latest draft picks, chances are they can write with authority because they know the subject. Now, some bloggers are experts on their chosen topics as well. But much more are amateur observers who follow developments from afar. Can they write with the same kind of knowledge and expertise as a reporter whose job it is to cover that topic? Probably not. How Can Bloggers Supplement the Work of Reporters? As newspapers downsize into leaner operations using fewer reporters, they are increasingly using bloggers to supplement the content provided on their websites. For instance, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer several years back closed down its printing press and became a web-only news organization. But in the transition the newsroom staff was cut dramatically, leaving the P-I with far fewer reporters. So the P-I website turned to read blogs to supplement its coverage of the Seattle area. The blogs are produced by local residents who know their chosen topic well. Meanwhile, many professional reporters now run blogs hosted on their newspapers websites. They use these blogs too, among other things, complement their daily hard-news reporting.

Listening The Most Important Skill of Communication

Introduction Could the civil rights movement have occurred if no one listened to Abraham Lincoln or Dr. Martin Luther King? In order for a person to be a leader, he or she must have followers. Without the communication process this type of relationship is not possible. Specifically, without the skill of effective listening, the most important skill of the communication process, an interpersonal relationship cannot develop. Far too many people do not understand that real communication goes in both directions and that one must listen as much or more than they speak to effectively communicate. Without the ability to listen, an individual will not be successful in the communication process. Learning to Communicate A child is born with the ability to cry to express him or herself. Cries become coos, coos become babbling sounds, and with years of listening, practice and learning, language is developed. However, without the ability to listen to the people surrounding that child, it will be impossible for the child to develop language. To listen is not limited to hearing an individual, but to interpret tones, body language, and the words themselves. According to Dr. Bruce Perry, children should be encouraged to practice listening to be able to receive and process information accurately. Language is about being expressive but also about being receptive. In order for a meaningful exchange to take place, an individual has to be able to receive the message. Types of Listening TheShow MoreRelatedEffective Workplace Communication1336 Words   |  6 PagesListening and Effective Workplace Communication James Humes, a former presidential speech writer, stated that, the art of communication is the language of leadership (Leading Thoughts, 2010). Communication is an essential process that is common in the workplace.   Everyone in the workplace especially leaders must communicate with others.   Ideas, conversations, disagreements, and commitments can all be exchanged through communication.   Anyone can communicate but it takes discipline and skillsRead MoreThe Effects Of Listening On Listening And Listening1097 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Listening Skills Listening is a very important part of interpersonal communication. Even though it may seem like a simple term or task, it is often a difficult skill to accomplish. What is listening? Listening is â€Å"the dynamic, transactional proves of receiving, recalling, rating, and responding to stimuli, messages, or both† (West Turner, 2009). More simply put, listening is a process of hearing information, being aware and paying attention, organizing information taken in, and makingRead Moreâ€Å"to Be an Effective Manager, You Have to Be a Good Listener†1152 Words   |  5 PagesHarvey (2006:160) Listening is the first communication skill we practice as infants, and from listening to other people around us, we learn how to speak. We listen far more than we speak, read or write; possibly up to 75% of the time, yet it is a communication skill we are not formally taught. We can close our eyes and mouth and can leave the keyboard or pen alone, but our ears are constantly open. We are frequently told to ‘listen up’, that we ‘weren’t listening ‘, that we ‘never listen’, but weRead MorePublic Speaking Essay988 Words   |  4 Pagesmind into verbal and nonverbal symbols which the audience can recognize. Rather than talk about the verbal and nonverbal communication contexts in this paragraph, I will explain how listening and responding to others has an influence on my public speaking and on my ability to communicate with my friends (interpersonal communication). This has influenced my public speaking skills because I had an opportunity to listen to my classmates’ persuasive speeches and was engaged in the message they were presentingRead MoreThe Perception of Listening Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesThe Perception of Listening Listen up! Are you really listening? What is listening and why is it important? This paper will address the viewpoint of listening skills and its outcome. Listening is an essential tool, which is one of the constructive aspects in the communication process, for communicating with other people. To listen well is a talent that is learned. However, for people to listen effectively, they would need to practice to obtain the skill. †As with any new skill, learning to listenRead MoreThe Importance Of Communication Skills830 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication is something I’m sure everyone has heard a lot of. We are always told to communicate well with others but communicating and more specifically communication skills need more attention. I tend to communicate without using proper communication skills and it makes simple things harder than they need should be. To be successful in postsecondary education and beyond I must use effective communication skills as they create a sol id foundation for learning and collaborating. Communication skillsRead MoreImportance Of Writing, Speaking And Listening On International Business Communication948 Words   |  4 PagesImportance Of Writing, Speaking And Listening In International Business Communication Communication is one of the basic thing in life. People may buy product and using services with communication. In the business world, communication become more and more important. It is the essence of organisation to lead forward among its competitor. According to Mary Ellen Guffey by good communication in organisation one may be able to work successfully in all team environments especially if members do not meetRead MoreLeadership And Communication : An Effective Leader1305 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and Communication For decade’s individuals, companies, and organizations have spent an unprecedented amount of money on researching, molding, modeling and working to define what a leader is and what characteristics make successful leaders. With all the research, there is not a quick answer or even full agreement as to what makes an individual an effective leader. Although, in a majority of the research a common theme is occurring: communication. COMMUNICATION Communication. Easy, rightRead MoreEssay on Analyzing Communication Skills1740 Words   |  7 Pagesbody languages, and posture. Many problems arise because of poor communication among leaders. Self-awareness builds a positive school environment through effective communication skills by sending direct messages, feedback, and what is being communicated nonverbally (Davies, 2001). The four communication skills that will be analyzed are; active listening, assertive communication, rapport communication, and nonverbal communication. The questions in this chart will be used to analyze five schoolRead MoreImportant Basis For Patient Centred Communication1245 Words   |  5 PagesTherapeutic communication is seen as a complex skill that involves much subtlety and requires a range of different approaches (Jones, 2009). The importance of therapeutic communication and professional relationships with patients as a prime means of attaining healthcare treatment found to be the underlying theme in interpersonal relationships ( Arnold and Boggs, 2011). Therapeutic communication can create a nurse-patient relationship that enhances choice and responsibility, improves patient input

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Clearly, this illustrates the self-centered nature of Victor, whose main aim is to fulfill his dreams without any regard for the people around him. In the end, the monster creates havoc, killing people in the process. Similarly, Victor’s creation can be seen as a self centered being. When Victor abandons this creature, it attempts to integrate into the society and live with other humans. Unfortunately, the creature realizes that he is different and takes revenge by hurting people. Just like Victor, the creature is mainly concerned about pursuing its own happiness, and in the process, hurting others. His emotions and instincts lead him to hurt others, including murdering of Victor’s brother and friend. Both Victor and the monster have a strong liking for literature and the hunger to obtain knowledge. While Victor uses literature to understand scientific facts, the monster uses literature to learn and understand people. For instance, in his attempt to understand human n ature and the human body, Victor spent days and nights reading and researching about this phenomenon. As noted in the novel, after many days and nights of hard labor, Victor â€Å"succeeded in discovering the cause of generation and life† (Shelley, 52). We will write a custom essay sample on Frankenstein by Mary Shelley or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Similarly, the monster has a string desire for knowledge, and uses literature to understand people and integrate into the society. For example, while living with the cottagers, the monster takes time to learn the language of the cottagers, together with a woman named Safie. The monster notes that â€Å"My days were spent in close attention, that I might more speedily master the language† (Shelley, 139). This illustrates his hunger for knowledge in his attempt to integrate into the society. Both the monster and Victor have a strong desire to create family bonds. Although Victor spent most of the time studying and working on his creature, he still has a strong desire to have a family.

Essay about Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck - 558 Words

Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck John Stienbeck was born in Salinas, California in 1902. His first three books were financial failures and he worked at various kinds of jobs to survive, including fruit picking. His first success was Tortilla Flat in 1935 which was followed by a number of shorter works, leading up to his great masterpiece The Grapes of Wrath which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1940. In 1962, Stienbeck became the sixth American to win the Nobel Prize for literature. He died at his home in New York on December 1968. I found the writing style of this book to be really slack and basic. The English in this book was elementary, very easy to understand and follow. There were definitely no metaphors or similes. The only figures†¦show more content†¦One of men named Lennie was mentally retarded but incredibly strong. The second, George was explained as Lennies friend who takes the responsibility of keeping his friend, Lennie out of trouble. The story starts out with the two main characters walking down a dirt road toward their next job. They realized they couldnt make the trip so they decided to spend the night by the river. That night we learn for the first time about one of the major themes of the novel. As George and Lennie sit at the campfire, George tells a story about their dream. He explained in detail about how they were now, that they have no home, anywhere that they belong and that all that they really want is a place to themselves. A place where they could live without anyone bothering them. We only realize later that this place really does exist but it costs too much money than they can afford alone but with the help of an older man who has money saved they realize their dream may happen. Soon after the old mans dog has to be put down, he argues with the other men not to shoot the dog but finally agrees that he must be put down. The story continues with little else happening before the climax. The characters contiune interacting with each other and a few minor incidents happen before the climax. At the climax the main character Lennie who is unweary of his strenght accidently kills someone when he got scared. This killing brings on a mob of men whoShow MoreRelatedOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck973 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: I. Background A. John Steinbeck was born on February 27th, 1902 in Salinas, California. 1. Salinas River was one of the few centers for shipping, farming, and agriculture a. John Steinbeck worked as an employed laborer, digging canals and working beside men similar to characters in his novels. 2. In a discussion John Steinbeck said, I worked in the same country that the story is laid in. The characters are composites to a certain extent. Lennie was a real person. Hes in an insaneRead MoreOf Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck842 Words   |  4 Pages it was not uncommon to become morosely secluded while working. Men would go far away from their families in search of any jobs they could get, with only themselves to confide in; colleagues only filling in the void of friends and family partially. Naturally, John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men, written during this period, would reflect this fact as a major aspect of the story. Loneliness would become the sinew of Of Mice and Men, manifested in some of the story’s main characters: Candy, CrooksRead MoreOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck1358 Words   |  6 Pagesthis expression to stress the fact that there are and will be difficulties in life. John Steinbeck, in his novella Of Mice and Men, does not fall short of the same views. It takes place in the year 1937, a period associated with the Great Depression, and illustrates the hardships of the time, and more so those that laborers such as George and Lennie experience. Life proves to be full of disappointments for both men who are victims of harsh circumstances in more ways than one. The two have a dreamRead MoreThe And Of Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1549 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will be exploring the role of women in the texts ‘DNA’ by Dennis Kelly and ‘Of Mice and Men’ by John Steinbeck. Both texts are quite dissimilar for the most part, with ‘DNA’ being a contemporary play, dealing with problems faced by modern youth groups and ‘Of Mice and Men’ being a classic novella. Set in the 1930’s, the novella tells a story of two migrant workers who flee to Salinas, California, for work. In spite of this, both explore the presentation of female characters similarlyRead MoreOf Mi ce And Men By John Steinbeck894 Words   |  4 PagesOf Mice and Men Essay John Steinbeck once said, â€Å"A journey is a person in itself; no two are alike. And all plans, safeguards, policing, and coercion are fruitless. We find that after years of struggle that we do not take a trip; a trip takes us†. In his novella, Of Mice and Men, two men go on an unexpected journey in search for their dream of happiness. There are many themes that come from their journey such as, the gilded American dream, the bond of male friendships, the power of women and femininityRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1433 Words   |  6 PagesI am writing a literary essay on the novella, Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. I will be responding to the question describe an important character and explain how the character helped you understand an important message. In the novella, Of Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck, two characters, Crooks and Curley’s wife, help me understand the message ‘Discrimination isolates people’. The book takes place in Soledad, California, mid 1930’s, during the Great Depression, at a time when discriminationRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1747 Words   |  7 Pages Of Mice and Men is a tragedy And The Pearl is a parable. Author s Name John Steinbeck -Title of Work #1: Of Mice and Men -Genre: Tragedy -Evidence of Genre (explain what makes the work an example of the genre): Tragedy is a branch of literature that uses a serious and dignified style the sad or unfortunate events encountered or caused by a heroic individual. In Of Mice and Men George and Lennie face a lot of tragic events. -Complete Summary of Work: Of Mice and Men is theRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1354 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel ‘Of Mice and Men’, written by John Steinbeck, is set near the Salinas River in California, America during the Great Depression between 1930-1939. The Great Depression was a distressing time in the history of America as the unemployment rate was high which in turn led to poverty and hunger. During this time, many struggled to find work and this steered them to travel long distances, often without having anyone to talk to. Dreams were crafted by this travelling workforce and were somethingRead MoreMice Of Men By John Steinbeck785 Words   |  4 Pages It was an hopeless time period. For George in steinbeck s book mice of men by John Steinbeck,it was the great depression.This was a time period of a deep and dark economic downturn that affected the whole country. While the story focuses on George and Lennie s struggles through this hopeless time.They were best buds that got along great. They went to farm to farm as migrant works to get there pay. George had to take care of Lennie throughout the book and pick up the pieces, but lennie was a kindRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1400 Words   |  6 PagesOf Mice and Men, it is not just a band! Of Mice and Men was originally a short novel written by John Steinbeck in the 1930s. Regardless of the shortness in length, though, it is a rather deep and emotional book with quite a few messages behind the fictional storyline. These messages, however, cannot be discovered right off the bat. To genuinely absorb the messages Steinbeck teaches and actually understand the meaning behind them, one must read the book in its entirety. Steinbeck educates readers

Logistic and supply chain management in retail Free Essays

Introduction: In today’s rapidly changing business environment particularly in retails industry, there are ever-greater demands being placed on retailer and how they deliver goods (products) and services to their customers quicker, with greater added value, to the correct location, with no relevant inventory position, reduced damage or outdated goods, lost of earning to mention few. However, customers themselves are becoming more sophisticated, wanting more quality, design, innovation, choice, convenience and service, and they customers want to spend less money, effort, time and possibly with no risk. These has force more retailer to adopt continuous improvement, highly competitive and dynamic for survivor and sustainability. We will write a custom essay sample on Logistic and supply chain management in retail or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hence, Supply Chain Management (SCM), Logistic and Value Chain management became the main topic for improving efficiency, revenue generation, retain customer loyalty, customer services and satisfy customer’s need. The supply chain in grocery retail industry consists of different departments, ranging from procurement of materials to customer service. Supply chain management means transforming a company’s â€Å"supply chain† into an optimally efficient, customer-satisfying process, where the effectively of the whole supply chain is more important than the effectiveness. Background: Lidl is a German chain of discount grocery stores that operates in numerous countries across Europe, in UK alone Lidl have about 568 outlets / supermarket stores. Lidl’s largest market is Germany where it competes with fellow German discounter and arch rival Aldi. In reading the paper, one must examine and understand the trend and shifts in retails industry business thinking. It is imperative to know the six major shifts in grocery retails business thinking that may suit Lidl grocery stores. The first shift is from cross-functional integration to cross-enterprise integration. The second: from physical efficiency to market mediation; The third: from supply chain to demand focus; The fourth: from Lidl single-company product design to collaborative, concurrent product, process, and supply-chain design; The fifth: from cost reduction to breakthrough business models; and The sixth from mass market supply to tailored offerings. Each shift entails has its own components whether it be integrating within or integrating across Lidl – the groceries retailer company. Supply Chain Management- Definition: Harrison and Hoek (2011, p.32) defines supply chain management as â€Å"SCM encompasses the planning and controlling of all processes involved in procurement, conversion, transportation and distribution across a supply chain. SCM includes coordination and collaboration between partners (suppliers, intermediaries, third party service providers, grocery retails outlets and customers). In essence, SCM integrates supply and demand management within and between companies in order to serve to serve the needs of the end-customer.† Supply chain management (SCM), also called logistics network, includes suppliers, industrialized centers, warehouses, depots or distributions centers, and retail outlets, as well as unprocessed materials, work-in-progress stock, and finished goods that run linking the facilities. SCM is all about having the right product in the right place, at the right price, at the right time and in the right condition. In general terms, Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the operations of the supply chain with the purpose to satisfy customer requirements as efficiently as possible. Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, finished goods, delivery to various retailer depots / distribution centres and to all retail outlets for consumption. Opportunities enabled by Supply Chain Management These following strategic and competitive areas can be used to their full advantage if a supply chain management system is properly implemented. Fulfillment: Ensuring the right quality and quantity of products are delivered to retail outlet shelves for sale at the right time. This is enabled through efficient communication, ensuring that orders are placed with the appropriate amount of time available to be filled. The supply chain management system also allows retailers to constantly see what is on stock and making sure that the right quantities are ordered to replace stock Womack and Jones (1996) describe the lean enterprise as collaborative form spanning the supply chain and argues that supply chains should be organized around value streams to eliminate waste, responding to the pull of the product through the supply chain by customers, to eliminate stocks by organizing value-creating activities around flow, and further stated that the advantage is also to reduce markets to stable, predictable demand through collaboration and co-operation, rather than the turbulence created by conventional inter-firm competition and aggressive uncoordinated sales promotions. Logistics: Keeping the cost of transporting finished product to their respective outlet as low as possible consistent with safe and reliable delivery. Here the supply chain management system enables retailer to have constant contact with its depot/distribution centre and depots team, which could consist of trucks, trains, or any other mode of transportation. Christopher. M, (2005, p.4) defined â€Å"Logistics is the process of strategically managing the procurement, movement and storage of materials, parts and finished inventory (and the related information flows) through the organization and the marketing channels in such a way that current and future profitability are maximized through the cost-effective fulfillment of orders†. While Piercy (1997) explain that efficient consumer response is based on ‘co-operative partnerships’ between retailers and manufacturers who commit to collaborate in reducing costs in supply chain. Piercy (1997) highlighted efficient cons umer response is a powerful weapon which demonstrably reduces supply-chain costs but criticized for reducing consumer choices and competition and restricting manufacturer strategic development. Charles Dominick (Next Level Purchasing.com – President) explains, â€Å"the three types of entities of a supply chain: customers, a producer, and the producer’s suppliers. The extended supply chain includes customers’ customers and suppliers’ suppliers. SCM oversees and optimizes the processes of acquiring inputs from suppliers (purchasing), converting those inputs into a finished product (production), and delivering those products – or outputs – to customers (fulfillment).† Supply chain management strategies were designed to cut the number of suppliers and reduce purchasing costs; but wasn’t to manage supply risk. Even today, while struggling through a global recession, there is little agreement between buyers and sellers at major manufacturing firms on what constitutes information technology.There seems to be a universal agreement on what a supply chain is.Some describe it as a network of autonomous or semi-autonomous business entities collectively responsible for procurement, manufacturing, and distribution activities associated with one or more families of related products.While reading the passage many consumers are still concerned about what supply chain management really is and how it is applied to its companies. Value-chain Analysis: Porter (1985, p.114) identifies five primary activities which add value to the final output of a retail company: Inbound logistics; Operations; Outbound logistics; Marketing and sales activities and Services. In support of the primary activities of the value-chain, Porter also identified support activities. These are procurement, human resource development, technological development and infrastructure; all these feed into each stage of the primary activities of the value-chain. This value-chain gives room for logistic and supply chain management improvement and provides insight into retails competitors Figure 1. The Value Chain Lehman and Winer (1991) suggest concentrating the value-chain analysis under five key competitor abilities: Ability to conceive and design; ability to produce; ability to market; ability to finance and ability to manage. Supply chain management is getting a lot of attention in e-business. WhyBecause the existing supply chains are mostly outdated for the e-business era, in which inventories and costs must be eliminated wherever they are found. Traditional supply chains were designed in a time of modest competition and slow response time but for retailer such as Lidl to succeed in today’s customer-driven environment, Lidl must emulate Tesco and Sainsbury store and add value to way of delivering online sales and the logistic of supply to each customer in a value-for-money approach. Lidl have to streamline intercompany (manufacturer to Lidl depots/distribution centres) processes just as they do with processes that reside within a Lidl outlet’s boundaries. By reengineering the intercompany supply chain, corporate boundaries are becoming meaningless. The result: enormous payoffs for all partners in the chain. Research Aim: Evaluate Logistics and Supply Chain Management in Grocery Retail Industries in UK and identify where improvement in logistic is possible within retails firm of choice. To also examine the Impact of Supply Chain Management and identify if there is room for improvement Objectives: To investigate whether there is a balance between investing in front-end and back-end (from customer / shop floor to depot/warehouse and to manufacturers) operations. To understand logistics management in Lidl, explore for efficiency and effectiveness of supply chain in modern retail stores that maintain lower inventories than traditional retail. Explore supply chain perspective to help the UK retailers identify superior suppliers and distributors and help them improve productivity, which ultimately brings down the customers costs. Replicate its national supply chain model in UK for global presence, taking into account the unique features of the regional market and emphasize on local sourcing of goods within each outlet. Research Questions: Ques. 1: Why do modern retails stores carry a lower inventory? Ques. 2: Why do effective logistics reduces company and its customer cost in modern retails stores? Ques. 3: How does modern retail gain a competitive advantage in the application of improved logistics and supply chain management? Methodology: A systems approach was planned for this research. A systems approach presumes an objective reality that can be (more or less) â€Å"discovered†, the systems approach means that the world can be thought of, and divided into different systems. Arbnor and Bjerke (1997, p.111) define a system as a â€Å"set of components and the relations among them†, where a component means e.g. a function or a department in Lidl – the groceries retailer company. The research will involve an explicative study based on the results of a survey, which will be conducted. The questionnaire will be formulate and sent to Lidl groceries retailer’s Head Office and outlets. If very little response is attained from questionnaire, the research will switch quickly to using qualitative methods (primarily face-to-face interviews) with key industry professionals, logistics division and middle to top management. Probably statistical representative of Lidl – the grocery retailer company, these interviews when conducted may generate a set of indicative prioritize areas and provide room for improvement. Qualitative study may be more appropriate for this research because the main research will entails a lot of information that may not be quantified, such as the Lidl SCM strategies, logistics versus SCM perspectives, differentiation of services offering and uniqueness features of Lidl (grocery retails firm). Bibliography: Alan Harrison and Remko van Hoek (2011), Logistic Management and Strategy: Competing through the Supply Chain, 4th edition, Harlow, England: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Ronald H. Ballou (2004), Business Logistic’s Management: Planning, Organizing and Controlling the Supply Chain, 5th edition, London: Prentice Hall International. Christopher Martins (2005), Logistic and Supply Chain Management: Creating value-adding network, 3rd edition, NewYork: Financial Times Prentice Hall. David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky, Edith Simchi-Levi (2007): Designing and Managing the Supply Chain: Concepts, Strategies and Case Studies, (3rd Edition) New York: McGraw-Hill, New York, U.S.A. Porter, M. E. (1985), Competitive Advantage – Creating and sustaining superior performance, New York: The Free Press. Lehma, D.R and Winer, R.S. (1991), Analysis for Marketing Planning, 2nd edition, Homewood IL: Irwin. Simchi-Levi, D., P. Kaminsky and E. Simchi-Levi (2004): Managing the Supply Chain: The Definitive Guide for the Supply Chain Professional, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, U.S.A. Monczka, R., Trent, R. and Handfield, R. (2002), Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Knoxville, United States: Thompson Learning. Womack, J. P. and Jones, D. T. (1996), Lean Thinking: Banish waste and create wealth in your corporation, London: Simon and Schuster. Piercy, N. F. (1997), Market-Led Strategic Change: Transforming the process of going to market, 2nd edition, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Arbnor, I. and B. Bjerke (1997), Methodology for creating business knowledge; Thousand Oaks, California, Sage Publications Porter, M. (1980), Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. New York, Free Press. Moss Kanter, R. (1994). Collaborative Advantage: The Art of Alliances. Harvard Business Review, 72 (4) Larson, P. D., R. F. Poist and A. Halldorsson (2007), Perspectives on Logistics vs SCM: A Survey of SCM Professionals. Journal of Business Logistics, 28 (1), pp. 1-24. Charles Dominick; President Chief Procurement Officer, Next Level Purchasing, Inc. www.nextlevelpurchasing.com Arjan J.van Weele (2005), Purchasing and Supply Chain Management: Analysis, Strategy, Planning and Practice, 4th edition, London: Thomson Learning Mentzer, J.T., S. Min and Bobbitt. L. (2004), Toward a unified theory of logistics. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 34 (8), 606-27 How to cite Logistic and supply chain management in retail, Essay examples

Child Criminals free essay sample

Child Criminals: what should we do now? Madii 5. 17. 12 There has always been a controversy over how child criminals should be handled in court. People disagree on whether children should be tried as adults for their actions or if their age should be a great determinant of the outcome. Children are very complex. Their life history, home environment, influences, possible mental illnesses, and the simple mentality and moral level of children must be considered when they are being convicted of a crime. The U. S. is the only country in the world where children are sentenced to die in prison. Is it fair? The main subject that is debated upon in this issue is the age of maturity. â€Å"Child crime is different from adult crime in that the offenders are, in most legal systems, not deemed to be fully conscious moral individuals† (Debatepedia). Although that is true, children should be moral enough to know that extreme crimes are not right. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Criminals or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Maybe that excuse will work for robbery and such. But when it comes to murder and sex crimes, they should not be able to get out of that. Those are two extreme things that everyone, no matter what age they are, should know are wrong† (Madii Sahli). Every child should know the difference from right and wrong by the age of three or four, or at least have a sense as to what the difference is. The difference was instilled in our brains when we were two† (Courtney B. ). A three or four year old may know right and wrong, but we cannot possibly expect them to understand the consequences of their actions. We cannot hold a four year old responsible for themselves. Children are very impressionable. The rights and wrongs that they learn from their environment may not be the same as the rights and wrongs of the law. But should normal children be impressionable enough to be convinced that murder is okay? If it is insisted that people know the difference from right and wrong at the age of three, then why is the age of adulthood so high? Instead of the age of 18 determining when one is an adult, the age should be brought down to sixteen. By the age of sixteen, everyone should know better. â€Å"I am only sixteen, and I know better not to commit any crimes. I am old enough to understand consequences for my actions, and every other sixteen year old should be mature enough to know as well. (Madii Sahli). Compared to other countries, sixteen is still a higher age to be considered an adult. Many countries recognize the age of criminal responsibility to be much younger than eighteen. Below is a list of some other countries and their age of legality/adulthood. COUNTRY: AGE OF LEGALITY/ADULTHOOD: England 10 years old for crimes. 13 years old for sex crimes. Romania 12 years old. Greece 12 years old. Turke y 14 years old Armenia 14 years old. Spain 15 years old. Scotland 16 years old. Belgium 18 years old. Luxembourg 18 years old. On the other hand, United States law uses 18 for many things as well. People are not considered responsible enough to purchase tobacco products, live on your own, get a tattoo/certain piercings, choose to have sex with whomever you want, get married, own property, sue/get sued, or gamble until you are eighteen years old. You cannot even order crayons from a television commercial until you are 18! If you are not responsible enough to make your own choices, then how can you be considered an adult? â€Å"There needs to be some balance. The age of adulthood should completely be moved down to 16. At the age of sixteen, you should be able to get convicted of adult crimes, but you should also be able to smoke, etc. The only things that I think should stay at 18 is the age of being able to move out and live on your own or with a roommate, getting married, and gambling. That makes more sense to me† (Madii Sahli). In 1998, 29% of high school boys in America owned guns. A survey was taken in Virginia in 1996, and reported that 41% of youth have been in a gang or associated themselves with a gang. From those 41%, 69% got involved because of influences coming from their friends and 60% said that they joined for excitement. Joining a criminal group for excitement shows just how careless children are when it comes to the law. They do not understand their consequences because they believe that they will be treated leniently in the eyes of the court. More needs to be done to show them that they cannot get away with it. â€Å"The murderers made their decision. Children always wanted to be treated as adults so why not trial them as adults? That is always a child’s dream, to be treated as an adult† (Courtney B. from Teen Ink). Children should be tested for mental illness before the trial proceeds. As many as 70 percent of youth in the system are affected with a mental disorder, and one in five suffer from a mental illness so severe as to impair their ability to function as a young person and grow into a responsible adult. The prevalence of disruptive behavior disorders among youths in juvenile justice systems is reported to be between 30 percent and 50 percent† (Sarah Hammond). Not only sh ould they be trialed differently, but they should not be placed into a jail. They should be placed somewhere that can take care of them and help to handle their disability. That way, they might be able to recover properly. Most children who have committed crimes were accompanied by an adult during the incident. Joe Sullivan was thirteen-years-old when he became one of the two thirteen-year-old in the entire country to be sentenced to life without parole for an offense that did not involve a killing. Joe was mentally disabled, and lived in a home in which he was victim to physical and sexual abuse regularly. Two older boys, Nathan McCants (17) and Michael Gulley (15) convinced Joe to participate in a burglary in which they entered an empty household of a 72-year-old elderly woman. One of the older boys stole jewelry and money, and the homeowner was sexually assaulted in her home later that day, but never saw her attacker. The assault was so brutal that she needed to have corrective surgery. One of the older boys had blamed the sexual assault on Joe. While being blindfolded, the woman listened to the Joe’s voice to see if she recognized it and stated that it â€Å"could very well be† him. Both of the older boys received short sentences in juvenile detention, while Joe Sullivan was charged and tried in adult court. Even though Joe was the youngest person in the country sentenced to die in prison for a non-homicide, his lawyer filed a brief on appeal saying there were no issues to challenge in his case. Joe was sent to adult prison when he was just fourteen, and he was repeatedly and brutally victimized by older inmates† (Equal Justice Initiative). Joe, not only having to deal with a traumatic past of his home life and a mental illness, was di agnosed with multiple sclerosis and uses a wheelchair. The petition stating that this punishment is cruel and usual was denied. Another convicted child who was influenced by a very bad home life includes Antonio Nunez. When Antonio was thirteen-years-old, he was shot multiple times in a drive by shooting. While his brother tried to help him, he was shot in the head and killed. Because of the traumatic event, he developed post-traumatic stress disorder. His mother was depressed and inactive, his father was an alcoholic, and his siblings were currently being treated for anxiety and trauma. Most children who have commit crimes were influenced and accompanied by an adult. Antonio fell victim to older influences, having got into the car with two older men. 4-year-old Antonio was in a joint trial with the 27-year-old after the other man claimed himself to be kidnapped by them. â€Å"The Equal Justice Initiative has documented over 70 cases throughout the United States in which children 14 and younger have been condemned to die in prison, often without consideration of the child’s age of life history. Antoni o Nunez is the only child in the country known [in 2007] to be serving a death in prison sentence for his involvement, at age 14, in a single incident where no one was injured† (Equal Justice Initiative Writer). Sometimes putting a child in an adult jail will only do more harm, and will only give them more bad impressions and thoughts. This is because when you put a child in an adult jail, you are surrounding them with people who have committed crimes as well and are a negative influence. They are being trapped in the same environment that got them there in the first place. â€Å"Young people who have been in prison since they were adolescents need help learning basic life skills† (Equal Justice Initiative Writer). According to mental health researchers Laurence Steinberg and Thomas Grisso, unlike an adult, a young teen can change. Handling child criminals is totally situational. Some of them deserve it, and sometimes it is fair for them to suffer with an extreme punishment. Many children get away with murder. Eric Smith was twelve years old when he murdered a six year old. He was to stay in jail until he was twenty-one. â€Å"Eric Smith admitted what he did was wrong but he also said he enjoyed it. There is no chance of rehabilitation for this boy nor is there for any other child murderer† (Courtney B. from Teen Ink). Robert Thompson and Jon Venables were ten years old when the kidnapped a two year old named James Berger when James’s mother went into the grocery store. They committed many criminal acts against him. They sexually molested him, beat him with a 28 lb iron bar, and poured paint into his eyes. As James was hardly holding on to his life, the two boys placed his beaten body onto the train tracks. When a child does something like that, they are bound to be messed up for the rest of their lives. â€Å"The boys obviously knew what they were doing and that it was wrong because they tried covering their tracks by making up stories† (Courtney B. ). Only a severely disturbed child could do something like that so young. Scientists put together an experiment which compared the brain of a serial killer and a normal person using a CAT scan. The results showed that the serial killers brain was covered in black spots, while the normal persons brain only had two miniscule black spots. If a child’s brain is already that irregular, how can they recover from that? People are fighting to convince the courts that sentencing a child to die in prison violates the eighth amendment, for it is cruel and unusual. â€Å"In 1988, the Supreme Court ruled that no person under the age of sixteen may be executed for a crime. Twenty states with capital punishment laws consequently established sixteen as the minimum age for execution† (Daily Mail Reporter). â€Å"In 2005, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled that sentencing juveniles to death is unconstitutional. The court ruled that life without parole for anything less than homicide was unconstitutional as well† (Daily Mail Reporter). The only catch is that the child can be tried and convicted to be considered an adult in the eyes of the court. That means that no matter their age, they can still be sentenced to death. But no matter what, a child is still a child. When it comes to life sentencing, those rules should apply to every person under the age of 18. 14-year-old Omer Ninham was sentenced to prison for life after he threw a child off of a parking ramp. He claimed it to be a cruel and unusual punishment. â€Å"The Supreme Court ruled that neither the state not the U. S. has any statue prohibiting life sentences without parole for 14-year-olds in homicide cases† (Daily Mail Reporter). When it comes to murder, most states will trial the child as an adult, especially if the crime was first-degree murder. But sometimes in special cases, it is moved into a juvenile court (Natalie Saar). I think that it should only be moved into a juvenile court for two reasons. One being if the child has any type of mental illness that can alter their brain capability, and two being if they are under a certain age. Age 10 for murder and sex crimes, and age 12 for other crimes such as burglary and theft† (Madii Sahli). In 2008, there were 73 child ren who were sentenced to die in prison for an offence that took place when they were only 13 or 14 years old. This includes a man named Phillip Shaw. Shaw was convicted when he was 14 for a robbery-shooting, and sentenced to life in prison without parole. When he was 28, a retrial won him his freedom after he had spent 14 years in adult prison. Each side, whether one believes in adult punishment for children or is against it, has their points. There has got to be balance between the two. How to handle children is very situational, and depends on a lot of different things such as their life history, home environment, influences, possible mental illnesses, and the simple mentality and moral level of the child. The U. S. is the only country in the world where children are sentenced to die in prison. Is that fair?

Greeks Essay Example For Students

Greeks Essay I have decided to visit a Greek Orthodox Church, Saint Constantine and Helen Greek Orthodox church. I went alone because I figured that this would not draw too much attention during the service. I tried to find a near by church that will give the service partially in English. When I found one near me it was my luck that I went at the time when it was all spoken in Greek. The English service was at six in the evening, and the all-Greek service started at ten in the morning. So to my discouragement I was at a lost at any attempts that I preplanned to adapt to this new environment. I didnt even get the name of the priest. While I was there sitting in the back I was able to dissect some of the norms of the church and the culture with in. The church was external appearance was quit different than other churches that I have seen. It was basically a big white stucco block with a gold dome on top and four decorated spikes on each corner of the building and surrounded the dome. The people of course were all Greek and were very well dressed. Most men and children all wore suits, and If not they had some kind of vest on. I dont know if this was some kind of rule or tradition, but it mostly seemed as a respect to God. The women all wore the basic dresses, and all the skirts fell down below the knee.